Hydra effect and paradox of enrichment in discrete-time predator-prey models

We develop three discrete-time predator-prey models from the Nicholson–Bailey host-parasitoid framework, assuming a type II functional response and logistic prey growth in form of the Beverton–Holt map. Our models show many similarities with the continuous-time Rosenzweig–MacArthur model, not only the same equilibria and sequence of bifurcations, but also phenomena such as the hydra effect and paradox of enrichment. Our three models differ in...