Honey bee colony‐level exposure and effects in realistic landscapes: An application of BEEHAVE simulating clothianidin residues in corn pollen

Discerning potential effects of insecticides on honey bee colonies in field studies conducted under realistic conditions can be challenging because of concurrent interactions with other environmental conditions. Honey bee colony models can control exposures and other environmental factors, as well as assess links among pollen and nectar residues in the landscape, their influx into the colony, and the resulting exposures and effects on bees at...