Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Accelerates Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Breast Cancer Metastasis via the CXCL12/CXCR4/mTOR Axis

Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 is a multifunctional glycoprotein involved in various biological and pathologic processes. DPP-4 has been widely recognized as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus but is also implicated in the development of human malignancies. Here, we show that inhibition of DPP-4 accelerates breast cancer metastasis via induction of CXCL12/CXCR4, which activates mTOR to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition...