Online Scheduling for Hierarchical Vehicle-to-Grid System: Design, Formulation, and Algorithm

Due to the increasing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) and technological advancements of EV electronics, the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technique, which utilizes EVs to provide ancillary services for power grid, stimulates new ideas in current smart grid research. When coordinating a large number of EVs distributed in different geographical locations, a single aggregator is not sufficient to oversee the whole system and a hierarchical V2G system...