Subchronic ketamine alters behaviour, metabolic indices and brain morphology in adolescent rats: Involvement of oxidative stress, glutamate toxicity and caspase-3-mediated apoptosis

Ketamine is a dissociative anaesthetic agent whose recreational use amongst adolescents and young adults is reaching epidemic proportions in a number of countries. While animal studies have examined the long-term detrimental effects of early-life ketamine exposure, there is a paucity of information on the immediate effects of ketamine following subchronic administration in the adolescence period. Adolescent rats were assigned into four groups of...