Enhancers Improve the AID-Induced Hypermutation in Episomal Vector for Antibody Affinity Maturation in Mammalian Cell Display

The induction of somatic hypermutation (SHM) in various cell lines by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) has been used in protein-directed selection, especially in antibody affinity maturation. Several antibody affinity maturation systems based on mammalian cells have been developed in recent years, i.e., 293T, H1299, Raji and CHO cells. However, the efficiency of in vitro AID-induced hypermutation is low, restricting the application of...