Effects of direct injection timing associated with spark timing on a small spark ignition engine equipped with ethanol dual-injection

Dual injection of ethanol fuel (DualEI) has been in development. DualEI has the potential in increasing the compression ratio and thermal efficiency of spark ignition engines by taking the advantages of ethanol fuel properties and the direct injection. This paper reports an experimental investigation of the effect of direct injection (DI) timing associated with spark timing on the performance of a small DualEI engine. Experiments were conducted...