Numerical study on sealing characteristic of rubber X-ring exposed to high-pressure hydrogen by considering swelling effect

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the sealing characteristic of the rubber X-ring combined seal used in high-pressure hydrogen service and clarify the effect of swelling due to dissolved hydrogen on the sealing behavior. Design/methodology/approach A finite element analysis method with a user subroutine is proposed to investigate the sealing characteristic of rubber X-ring seals in conjunction with the swelling effect. Findings The swelling...