A bottom-up energy simulation framework to accurately compare PV module topologies under non-uniform and dynamic operating conditions

Non-uniform operating conditions of photovoltaic modules have a huge impact on the energy generation of PV installations. To increase the energy yield of PV modules under non-uniform conditions, innovative module topologies have been proposed. However, a complete exploration of these topologies cannot be performed on the field, given the huge cost/time investment required for the realization of all potential topologies, as well as the large time...