Pathology Characterization and Detection of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 in Rectal Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Rectal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare tumor with unresolved etiology. Human immunodeficiency virus–infected individuals and solid organ transplant recipients experience >30-fold and approximately 3-fold elevated rates of rectal SCC, respectively, suggesting immunosuppression plays a role.1Coghill A.E. Shiels M.S. Rycroft R.K. et al.Rectal squamous cell carcinoma in immunosuppressed populations: is this a distinct entity from anal...