Aluminum oxide nanowires as safe and effective adjuvants for next-generation vaccines

Improving efficiency of an adjuvant, material that enhances the body’s immune response to an antigen, has become vital for the development of safer, cheaper, and more effective next-generation vaccines. Commercial vaccines typically use aluminum salt-based adjuvant particles, most commonly aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH) and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) based, often referred to as “alum”. Despite their broad use, their adjuvant properties are...