Boosting voltage without electrochemical degradation using energy-harvesting circuits and power management system-coupled multiple microbial fuel cells

Microbial fuel cells exhibit low output voltages, which must be enhanced for application in practical electronic devices. However, connecting microbial fuel cells in series for voltage boosting may cause voltage reversal, resulting in energy loss and biofilm damage. In this paper, different configurations for connecting microbial fuel cells and power-management systems are investigated to boost the voltage without reversal. The best...