The Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Serum Concentrations of Micronutrients, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress Outside of the Clinical Reference Ranges: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Clinical reference ranges are often used to assess nutritional status, but whether having lower or higher than the current clinical reference range for micronutrients, inflammation, and oxidative stress is related to metabolic syndrome (MetS) is not known. Our objectives are to estimate the odds of having MetS outside of established clinical references, and to identify any effect modifications by sex have for these relationships....