High-performance sodium hybrid capacitor enabled by presodiated Li4Ti5O12

For the first time, we propose herein high-energy sodium hybrid capacitors comprising Na+ intercalated Li4Ti5O12 anode and activated carbon cathode. The design of sodium hybrid capacitors takes full advantage of Li4Ti5O12's lower working potential plateau for Na+ intercalation than for Li+ intercalation. The lower potential plateau facilitates not only wider cell voltage of sodium hybrid capacitors (3.4 V) compared to that of lithium hybrid...