Modes of personal identity formation: A preliminary picture from the lifespan perspective

The present study investigates eight identity formation modes (Socialization, Consolidation, Exploration, Moratorivity, Defiance, Diffusion, Normativity) from the Circumplex of Identity Formation Modes (CIFM; Cieciuch & Topolewska, 2017) in 13 age groups from emerging to late adulthood (N = 3216 adults aged 18–65). The results suggest that CIFM modes associated with cohesive identity development increase with age and that CIFM identity formation...