Characteristics of combustion and soot formation of ethanol-gasoline blends injected by a hole-type nozzle for direct-injection spark-ignition engines

In this study, the combustion and soot formation processes of mid-low level ethanol-gasoline blends (E0, E20 and E50) sprays injected by a hole-type nozzle were examined in a quiescently high-temperature and high-pressure constant volume vessel by various ignition strategies (e.g. ignition position, ignition timing and spark energy). High-speed imaging of OH* chemiluminescence and two-color pyrometry were employed to clarify the flame...