Effect of metal oxide redox state in red mud catalysts on ketonization of fast pyrolysis oil derived oxygenates

Iron oxide catalysts derived from red mud were reduced at different temperatures and alkali metals extracted to determine the effect of iron redox state and mixed alkali doping on ketonization of key oxygenates (acetic acid, acetol, formic acid, and levoglucosan) found in fast pyrolysis oil aqueous phase. Hydrogen reduction at 300 °C, compared to 400 and 500 °C, generated the highest level of magnetite and weak and strong acid sites (NH3-TPD),...