XPS Study of Sulfur and Phosphorus Compounds with Different Oxidation States

In this report, we demonstrate that continuous improvement in XPS instruments and the calibration standards as well as analysis with standard component-fitting procedures can be used to determine the binding energies of compounds containing phosphorus and sulfur of different oxidation states with higher confidence.Based on such improved XPS analyses, the binding energies (BEs) of S2p signals for sulfur of increasing oxidation state are...