Classroom Environments and Developmental Processes: Conceptualization and Measurement

Children on average spend at least 15,000 hours in classrooms from the age of 4 or 5 until they leave high school. Indeed, there are few places in which they spend more time. Within classrooms, children and adolescents are exposed to critical developmental experiences-they learn to read, write, and think critically, they make friends and have to face the inevitable issues with peer relationships, and they are challenged to become...