Effects of bio-additives on the physicochemical properties and mechanical behavior of canola hull fuel pellets

Agricultural residues can be converted to value-added products such as fuel pellets. Bio-based additives, including alkali lignin, glycerol and l-proline were used for binding formulation of canola hull fuel pellets. The binding formulation was optimized to produce pellet with the mechanical durability (by drop test) of 99%, relaxed density of 1,110 kg/m3, and energy density of 18,603 MJ/m3. l-proline showed the best performance in the...