Who is in and who is out? Integration of technological knowledge in the multinational corporation

This article concerns the integration of technological knowledge within multinational corporations (MNCs). We empirically investigate the degree of technological knowledge integration of competence-creating subsidiaries with headquarters and sister subsidiaries and explore the effects of intersubsidiary differentiation. Data on the complete US patenting activity of 22 Swedish multinationals from 1893 to 2008 reveal significant differences in...