Battery and Data Drain of Over-The-Top Applications on Low-end Smartphones

Low-end smartphones with sub $50 price tags provide affordable device ownership to low-income populations. However, their limited capacity, when combined with the need for multimodal connectivity, raises usage concerns in rural off-grid regions. Some off-grid regions in sub-Saharan Africa provide recharge facilities using solar power and charge money for the service. Adding data bundle costs to frequent recharge costs, affordability of low-end...