Researches status and trends of management cybernetics and viable system model

Purpose This paper reviews the underpinning principles and scientific trends of cybernetics and the viable system model (VSM). Therefore, this paper aims to guide authors and managers active in management cybernetics and to inform them about the past, current and future trends in this discipline. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts both qualitative and quantitative methods. First, a descriptive and qualitative approach is used to...