Growth and physiological responses of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fed dietary fermented sunflower meal inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis

The aim of this study was to enhance the nutritional value of sunflower meal used as a feed ingredient for Nile tilapia by application of a solid-state fermentation process with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YFSFM) or Bacillus subtilis (BFSFM). At 72 h of fermentation, the crude protein, lipid content, essential amino acid contents were increased in YFSFM and BFSFM, but fiber content, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, phytic acid and saponins were...