Effect of insulin–coated trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles on IGF-1, IGF-2, and apoptosis in the hippocampus of diabetic male rats

Background:Subcutaneous injection of insulin can lead to problems such as hypoglycemia and edema. Objective:The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of oral insulin-coated trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles on control of glycemic status, IGF-1 and IGF-2 levels, and apoptosis in the hip pocampus of rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods:Insulin-coated trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by the polyelectrolyte complex method...