Morphological and kinematic specializations of walking frogs

The anuran body plan is defined by morphological features associated with saltatory locomotion, but these specializations may have functional consequences for other modes of locomotion. Several frog species use a quadrupedal walking gait as their primary mode of locomotion, characterized by limbs that move in diagonal pairs. Here, we examine how walking species may deviate from the ancestral body plan and how the kinematics of a quadrupedal gait...