Voltage‐Gated Closed‐Loop Control of Small‐Molecule Release from Alumina‐Coated Nanoporous Gold Thin Film Electrodes

Precise timing and dosing of potent small‐molecule drugs carries significant potential for effective pharmaceutical management of disorders that exhibit time‐varying therapeutic windows such as epilepsy. This study demonstrates the use of alumina‐coated nanoporous gold (np‐Au) thin film electrodes for iontophoretic release of fluorescein as a small‐molecule drug surrogate with picogram dosing and a few seconds temporal resolution. A custom...