The role of baseline granularity for benchmarking citation impact. The case of CSS profiles

In this paper we study the effect of granularity on Characteristic Scores and Scales (CSS). Unlike the traditional indicators that are mostly based on means and quantiles, CSS require the reduction of the citation distributions collaboration of the underlying reference population to four states (classes) and thus higher a different level of granularity. While the question of the choice of granularity is at higher levels of aggregation usually...