Chronotropic Incompetence and Reduced Heart Rate Recovery in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background/Objective Recent studies have indicated that cardiac autonomic dysfunction is an early sign of cardiovascular impairment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous studies have mainly focused on resting assessments; however, analysis of heart rate (HR) responses to exercise might provide additional information on cardiac autonomic dysfunction in this disease. Thus, we aimed to assess the HR responses during and after a maximal graded...