Hybrid nanofluids for heat transfer applications – A state-of-the-art review

In recent years, a novel class of working fluids which consists from two solid materials dispersed in a conventional fluid was developed and intensely studied. These fluids are called hybrid nanofluids. This paper presents a review of the research recent results concerning the thermo-physical properties (thermal conductivity, viscosity, density and specific heat) and the heat transfer and flow characteristics of hybrid nanofluids used in various...