Pain-Relieving Effectiveness of Co-Treatment with Local Tramadol and Systemic Minocycline in Carrageenan-Induced Inflammatory Pain Model

In this study, we tested our working hypothesis that inhibiting the activation of microglia by systemic minocycline treatments can decrease the dosage of local tramadol injection in inflammatory pain. This study was therefore aimed to evaluate the actions of intraplantarly injected tramadol, intraperitoneally injected minocycline, or their combined treatments on the inflammation-induced hypernociception (thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical...