Energy and economic growth in the USA two decades later: Replication and reanalysis

Over two decades ago, Stern (1993) published evidence in this journal of unidirectional Granger-causality running from GDP to a raw measure of energy use, from a weighted measure of energy use to GDP, and of other relations pertaining to labor and capital. In this paper we verify the original results and conduct a two-fold reanalysis: on one hand we revisit Granger-causality using the Toda and Yamamoto (TY) procedure to account for integrated...