Urinary afamin levels are associated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy

Aims In this study, we applied quantitative proteomic analysis to identify urinary proteins associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods Two-dimensional image-converted analysis of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry detected the proteins differentially excreted between normoalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n = 6 each). Urinary levels of excreted proteins were measured by multiple...