Thwarted: relinquishing educator beliefs to understand translanguaging from learners’ point of view

This study took place in a 300-level Filipino class at Hawai’i's state university. Originally, the researchers intended to study how English-Filipino translanguaging, the use of linguistic features of different languages to achieve meaning-making, (1) supports development of academic writing skills in Filipino for heritage learners who have undergone subtractive bilingualism and (2) challenges the ideology of discrete languages and speech...