Carry-over effects of brood size on morphology, reproduction, and lifespan in barn swallows

Early life ecological conditions have well-documented short-term effects on offspring phenotype and survival, but the extent to which these effect carry-over into adulthood is much less known. Yet, unveiling such carry-over effects is essential to understand the evolution of parental life-history strategies. In altricial birds, the number of brood mates can affect competition regime and other nest ecological conditions, whose effects may be at...