Morphological integration in the gorilla, chimpanzee, and human neck

Objectives Although integration studies are important to understand the evolution of organisms' traits across phylogenies, vertebral integration in primates is still largely unexplored. Here we describe and quantify patterns of morphological integration and modularity in the subaxial cervical vertebrae (C3–C7) in extant hominines incorporating the potential influence of size. Materials and Methods Three‐dimensional landmarks were digitized on...