Avian orthopaedic surgery part 2: assessment, options, conservative management

In order to establish a treatment plan, an initial assessment is required. Following the physical examination, radiography is carried out; orthogonal views are recommended. There are two main clinical scenarios when dealing with avian fractures: high impact fractures, generally observed in wild birds, are more likely to be comminuted, displaced and/or open; low impact stationary fractures, more commonly observed in aviary birds, are generally...