HIV-1 superinfection can occur in the presence of broadly neutralizing antibodies

Superinfection of individuals already infected with HIV-1 suggests that pre-existing immune responses may not adequately protect against re-infection. We assessed high-risk female sex workers initially infected with HIV-1 clades A, D or A/D recombinants, to determine if HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies were lacking prior to superinfection.Six superinfected female sex workers previously stratified by HIV-1 high-risk behavior, infecting virus...