Longitudinal Associations Among Psychological Issues and Problematic Use of Smartphones

. One of the critical limitations of previous research on the association between problematic use of media and psychological factors is that the proposed causality between them is mostly based on cross-sectional data. Responding to this limitation, the present study investigated longitudinal causality associations among loneliness, problematic use of smartphones, face-to-face interaction, smartphone-mediated communication, and need for social...