System dynamics-based stakeholders’ impact analysis of highway maintenance systems

Highway conditions and stakeholders in highway maintenance systems (HMSs), including highway operators, government officers and users, may interact in a complex manner over time and produce propagating impacts. In this work, system dynamics (SD) was used to model such complex interactions around HMSs based on analysis of the funding strategy in China and consideration of the supervision mechanism of subsidy allocation. A causal-loop diagram...