Entrepreneurial orientation in a hostile and turbulent environment: risk and innovativeness among successful Russian entrepreneurs

Applying the construct of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) we test the relationship between the dimensions of entrepreneurial risk taking and innovativeness. Risk taking is measured as an entrepreneurial propensity as well as a behaviour. Innovativeness is manifested in decisions for strategic growth, specifically strategies of vertical integration and horizontal diversification. The study context is the turbulent and hostile environment of...