Real-time EEG-defined excitability states determine efficacy of TMS-induced plasticity in human motor cortex

Background Rapidly changing excitability states in an oscillating neuronal network can explain response variability to external stimulation, but if repetitive stimulation of always the same high- or low-excitability state results in long-term plasticity of opposite direction has never been explored in vivo. Objective/hypothesis Different phases of the endogenous sensorimotor μ-rhythm represent different states of corticospinal excitability, and...