Alcohol consumption, smoking and development of visible age-related signs: a prospective cohort study.

Visible age-related signs indicate biological age, as individuals that appear old for their age are more likely to be at poor health, compared with people that appear their actual age. The aim of this study was to investigate whether alcohol and smoking are associated with four visible age-related signs (arcus corneae, xanthelasmata, earlobe crease and male pattern baldness).We used information from 11 613 individuals in the Copenhagen City...