Relationships among prior learning, anxiety, self-efficacy, and science vocabulary learning of middle school students with varied English language proficiency

Vocabulary is essential for comprehension and achievement across disciplines. Understanding factors that contribute to vocabulary learning is important, especially for English learners (ELs) studying science, a linguistically and cognitively demanding topic. Our study examined structural relationships among background characteristics, science anxiety and self-efficacy, and science vocabulary learning of 252 Grade 8 students (31% current ELs; 69%...