Effects of Arginine on Multimodal Chromatography: Experiments and Simulations

Multimodal or mixed-mode chromatography can be used to separate various proteins, including antibodies. The separation quality and efficiency have been improved by the addition of solutes, especially arginine. This review summarizes the mechanism underlying the effects of arginine on protein elution in multimodal chromatography with neutral, anionic or cationic resin ligands; the mechanism has been investigated using experiments and molecular...