Community policing

Outrage

Gender studies

Racism

Racial profiling

Officer

Vetting

Police brutality

Politics

Political science

Legitimacy

Criminology

Sociology

Criminal justice

Harm

Race (biology)

Police science

Public opinion

Deadly force

The Journal of Pan-African Studies

Introduction In recent years, the political climate and media coverage regarding the link between race and use of police force have brought forth a plethora of inquiries into public attitudes toward the police. Altercations between minority communities and police officers command visiting these events to examine their effect on the public's attitudes toward police and police legitimacy. Hinds (2009) found that hearing about a negative police encounter could have a significant impact on the public's attitudes toward the police. Public opinions of police legitimacy can have a direct effect on the officers' ability to successfully perform their duties (U.S. Department of Justice [DOJ], 2014a). In 2014, Ferguson, Missouri, was thrust into the national spotlight when an 18-year-old African American male named Michael Brown was shot and killed by a White police officer, Darren Wilson, (Healy, 2014). The shooting of Brown and the failure to indict Wilson sparked outrage and protest in Ferguson and surrounding communities (Healy, 2014). DOJ (2015) found in its report on policing in Ferguson that the police department's unlawful and harmful practices, which included racial bias, brought harm to the African American community. The report found that these practices negatively affected the community's trust in the police and views of police legitimacy. Deaths of African American individuals such as Eric Garner and Freddie Gray, among others, have sparked further protests and continue to propel discourse about racial bias among police officers and attitudes toward police among minority communities into the national consciousness (BBC, 2015). More recently, events in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, underscore the need to understand how perceptions of police may influence community interactions with law enforcement officials. On July 5, 2016, Alton Sterling was shot and killed while pinned to the ground by two officers of the Baton Rouge Police Department (Sollis, 2016). Numerous protests and demonstrations against police brutality and racial bias followed Sterling's death (Sollis, 2016). One week later, three young men were arrested and charged with plotting to kill Baton Rouge police officers as a form of retaliation (Visser, 2016a). Twelve days following Sterling's death, three Baton Rouge police officers were shot and killed by an African American male from Missouri. The shooter was reported to have made multiple online videos referencing fighting hack against police (Long, 2016; Visser, 2016b). These events underscore the importance of understanding perceptions and their ability to influence both police and members of the community. The purpose of this study was to assess college students' attitudes toward the police in the Greater Baton Rouge area. The DOJ (2014b) reported on police legitimacy defines the term as the belief that law enforcement officials should be permitted to use their position to maintain societal order and handle issues present in their local communities. To accomplish these tasks, police must be seen as honest persons who attempt to perform their job to standard and protect the community (DOJ, 2014b). To gauge student attitudes toward the police, this study employed two influential factors--race and race related university type (traditional vs. designated Historical Black College or University [HBCU]). The literature review begins with a brief overview of attitudes about the police. Literature Review Role of Attitudes Toward Police Positive public attitudes toward the police can make crime prevention and control easier for police to accomplish on a day to day basis. Relatedly, fairness and positive treatment by law enforcement are important aspects of the public's perception of police as a legitimate force (Correia, Reisig, & Lovrich, 1996). Views of police illegitimacy and mistrust have been found to contribute to the failure of citizens to obey police instructions (Mazerolle, Antrobus, Bennet, & Tyler, 2013). …

A Racial Divide: College Student Attitudes concerning Police in South Louisiana