Verifying Causal Relationships Among the Presences of the Community of Inquiry Framework in the Chinese Context

<p class="3">The purpose of this study was to verify a Chinese version of Community of Inquiry (CoI) instrument with learning presence and explore the causal relationships of the factors in the instrument. This study first examined the reliability and validity of the instrument. All four presences had acceptable levels of reliability (all Cronbach's α&gt; .765 or higher). The confirmatory factor modeling approach was used to assess its...