The Nature of the Relationship Between Anxiety and the Error-Related Negativity Across Development

I review the literature on the relationship between anxiety and the error-related negativity (ERN), a neurophysiological marker of performance monitoring, across development. I cover the development of the ERN, its functional significance, and its different relationship with anxiety in young children compared to adolescents and adults.Contemporary research indicates that the ERN becomes larger with age and shows primary sources in cingulate,...