Detection of Nosema spp. spore contamination in commercial Apis mellifera bee pollens of Thailand

Currently, there is widespread concern about declining honey bee populations affected by Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis, because infection by these pathogens may result in a reduction of pollination services and therefore raise concerns about pollination shortages. We investigated Nosema spp. spore contamination in Apis mellifera bee pollen samples from 34 apiaries in three different regions of Thailand. Nosema spp. spores were detected using...