Circulating current control and energy balancing of modular multi-level converters

Modular Multi-level Converters (MMCs) are considered as one of the promising multilevel converter topologies specially in high voltage applications such as HVDC transmission systems. The idea behmd MMC is to use floating capacitors as a voltage sources along with a switchmg circuit (chopper cell) to form what is called “submodules”. These submodules are inserted or bypassed according to the required output voltage level. To ensure a stable...